Anybody have any recommendations how to structurally integrated a cantilevered stairs into a framed wall?

When you order a staircase from a stair building company, or supply hse they will do it for you. You will provide them run & rise as well as location of a framed wall.

Carefully! If it was my house, I'd have a structural engineer work out a detail for the connections, considering static and dynamic loads.

Good luck.

PS: Common requirement in most building codes is a continuous handrail on at least one side,

Are you building the stair yourself, or are you hiring a skilled and experienced stair builder?

It ain't all that. You tie the treads into the wall framing. Float away.

If you're talking about a floating stair that appears to have no support and cantilevers off of a wood framed wall, I believe you can use a structural steel stringer that can be buried in the wall, and may need supports within the wood framing.

There are two ways to fabricate steel frames. One is providing steel posts on the wall framing, another is adding some extra wood posts to hold the floating stair stringer. Cantilevered floating stair is more expensive than a central spine floating staircase.